2) I think that by turning Gregor into an insect, Kafka was showing how Gregor had kind have been treated like an insect all along. Even before Gregor was turned into an insect, he was the only person in his family responsible for providing. He was being treated like his value to them was not because they loved him or they were his family, but because he made it so that they were able to be content with their easy lives. Gregor had to go to work every single day. He had to get up early, and deal with the annoyance of his bosses. He had to do whatever he was told and envied other people at different jobs. His family didn't understand how much he was doing for them, and they never pitched in.
1) I think that Kafka chose a cockroach because when you think of a vermon, or an animal that is not seen as good, a cockroach is definitly something you think of. I think he wanted the story to show how Gregor's family despite how he provided for them for all that time before he was a bug, so quickly turned their back on him when things turned badly. If he wanted to turn his character into an animal for the purposes of making his life horrible, what better animal to make him than a roach? I think he also was able to use the fact that to most people, roaches are ugly or disgusting, and his family wasn't able to look past his physical appearance and remember who he was inside. If Gregor was turned into a giant unicorn, or a puppy, or a frog Kafka wouldn't have been able to get the point across as well that his family was being rather shallow, and didn't look any deeper than Gregor's looks.
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